Somehow, even photographs taken more than 30 years ago get flipped upsidedown when posted on the internet. Flipping images with metadata tags, which are inevitably ignored or stripped, has proven to be an extremely user hostile technical decision.
Images can be rotated with metadata? Is that finally an explanation for why I’ll sometimes rotate an image on my computer, upload it, and find the uploaded copy in the original rotation?
It allows the camera to write almost its output without considering how you're holding the camera, and then write just three bits to indicate how it should be displayed.
(It should be two bits, since the third logical bit is for mirroring, except the specific flag values they chose for the non-mirrored rotations were 0x0, 0x2, 0x5, and 0x7.)
Yeah and web browsers ignore it for compatibility with web browsers that ignored it.
I believe rotation is lossy if you don't do it in metadata and the file is using subsampling.
Edit: some sites will rotate the file on upload, especially for scaled, non-original versions, to avoid this issue. I've done this at work in the past.
> If the boundaries of land owned either by public or by private entities have been disturbed by earth movements such as, but not limited to, slides, subsidence, lateral or vertical displacements or similar disasters caused by man, or by earthquake or other acts of God, so that such lands are in a location different from that at which they were located prior to the disaster, an action in rem may be brought to equitably reestablish boundaries and to quiet title to land within the boundaries so reestablished.
>an action in rem may be brought to equitably reestablish boundaries and to quiet title
from duckduckgo search (pulled from wikpedia? idk)
In rem jurisdiction
In rem jurisdiction is a legal term describing the power a court may exercise over property or a "status" against a person over whom the court does not have in personam jurisdiction. Jurisdiction in rem assumes the property or status is the primary object of the action, rather than personal liabilities not necessarily associated with the property.
You don't file a lawsuit against your neighbor, more like you are filing a lawsuit against the boundary line. You and your neighbor go to court; there is a process to determine the new boundaries that are as fair to everyone as possible.
If you and your neighbor have already decided ahead of time what is fair, then the courtroom stuff is probably just rubber-stamping and recording it so that when one of you sells the next owner has a clean title. If the two of you don't agree then at least you've got someone neutral to help out. The whole thing seems to be a bit absurd but what is better?
> The whole thing seems to be a bit absurd but what is better?
Why absurd? To me it feels like the rational way to sort it out.
Wonder what Hawaii does or any other place where it isn’t unusual for “new land” to be created. Like if your lot along the coast gets extended by volcanic action does your properly line get auto-extended as well or does the extension become part of the public shoreline?
In rem jurisdiction may be most familiar to people from civil forfeiture, where cases are captioned things like U.S. v. Approximately 64,695 pounds of shark fins, though the caption of a suit to quiet title or establish boundaries will probably be something like In re <general description of property at issue>.
If I understand correctly, most land lots are in local coordinate systems and use ground-based anchors as reference, not geographical coordinates (sky, GPS). When there's a slip, the only difficulty is to re-mark the zigzag.
That works very well for Australia that moves northwards at 10 cm per year, IIRC.
Australia as a whole moves northward? That wouldn't alter local relationships. The concern would be when land moves on a fault and plots become distorted, like those well known pictures of roads and streams jogging sideways on the San Andreas fault.
The point is that if our properties are defined using survey markers (like my deed, which literally spells out in English where the plot starts, how many feet this way and that) this will stand up to ground shifting. It will be the mapmakers' problem to redraw the maps though.
It doesn’t stand up to shifting, often, because one landmark at one corner may move relative to another. If the fault is through the middle of the property.
I assume the conflict would arise if two adjacent parcels defined by fixed size borders were defined by different survey markers that moved relative to each other, creating a space that is unclaimed, a space that is claimed under both deeds, or some of both. Probably in the course of resolving this conflict the parties who owned the conflicted land would get new surveys performed and perhaps have additional survey markers installed to define the new border for both parcels.
The point of conflict here being that not every vertex of a parcel is necessarily defined by a survey marker.
Has anyone visited these sites in the last few years? (The field trip was in 2006.) Has construction, road repairs, etc. obscured many of these? I know of a few roadway offsets in the immediate Bay area that have been "fixed" and are no longer visible.
Interestingly, the concrete channel looks similar to those in Central Asia. (The latter have holes in them to let water seep into the ground.) Street view: https://maps.app.goo.gl/pvrsiYMCfeADo8NL6
(Unrelated) oh wow, ResearchGate actively begs authors to upload their full text in order to make it accessible, but prevent the public from downloading said texts unless you have a RG account?
Somehow, even photographs taken more than 30 years ago get flipped upsidedown when posted on the internet. Flipping images with metadata tags, which are inevitably ignored or stripped, has proven to be an extremely user hostile technical decision.
Images can be rotated with metadata? Is that finally an explanation for why I’ll sometimes rotate an image on my computer, upload it, and find the uploaded copy in the original rotation?
For JPEG this is the EXIF Orientation flag: https://jdhao.github.io/2019/07/31/image_rotation_exif_info/
It allows the camera to write almost its output without considering how you're holding the camera, and then write just three bits to indicate how it should be displayed.
(It should be two bits, since the third logical bit is for mirroring, except the specific flag values they chose for the non-mirrored rotations were 0x0, 0x2, 0x5, and 0x7.)
Yeah and web browsers ignore it for compatibility with web browsers that ignored it.
I believe rotation is lossy if you don't do it in metadata and the file is using subsampling.
Edit: some sites will rotate the file on upload, especially for scaled, non-original versions, to avoid this issue. I've done this at work in the past.
So frustrating to try and look at these.
If you scroll down into the PDF they're also there in the correct orientation.
How does law treat boundary disputes when the land itself shifts?
In California in particular:
> If the boundaries of land owned either by public or by private entities have been disturbed by earth movements such as, but not limited to, slides, subsidence, lateral or vertical displacements or similar disasters caused by man, or by earthquake or other acts of God, so that such lands are in a location different from that at which they were located prior to the disaster, an action in rem may be brought to equitably reestablish boundaries and to quiet title to land within the boundaries so reestablished.
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.x....
>an action in rem may be brought to equitably reestablish boundaries and to quiet title
from duckduckgo search (pulled from wikpedia? idk)
In rem jurisdiction
In rem jurisdiction is a legal term describing the power a court may exercise over property or a "status" against a person over whom the court does not have in personam jurisdiction. Jurisdiction in rem assumes the property or status is the primary object of the action, rather than personal liabilities not necessarily associated with the property.
I hope that clears up any confusion!
You don't file a lawsuit against your neighbor, more like you are filing a lawsuit against the boundary line. You and your neighbor go to court; there is a process to determine the new boundaries that are as fair to everyone as possible.
If you and your neighbor have already decided ahead of time what is fair, then the courtroom stuff is probably just rubber-stamping and recording it so that when one of you sells the next owner has a clean title. If the two of you don't agree then at least you've got someone neutral to help out. The whole thing seems to be a bit absurd but what is better?
> The whole thing seems to be a bit absurd but what is better?
Why absurd? To me it feels like the rational way to sort it out.
Wonder what Hawaii does or any other place where it isn’t unusual for “new land” to be created. Like if your lot along the coast gets extended by volcanic action does your properly line get auto-extended as well or does the extension become part of the public shoreline?
In rem jurisdiction may be most familiar to people from civil forfeiture, where cases are captioned things like U.S. v. Approximately 64,695 pounds of shark fins, though the caption of a suit to quiet title or establish boundaries will probably be something like In re <general description of property at issue>.
If I understand correctly, most land lots are in local coordinate systems and use ground-based anchors as reference, not geographical coordinates (sky, GPS). When there's a slip, the only difficulty is to re-mark the zigzag.
That works very well for Australia that moves northwards at 10 cm per year, IIRC.
Sure, but the ground is moving relative to other ground, so ground anchors can be in conflict.
Also, IIRC San Andreas is a transform fault? So conservative? But not all are. Or are ridges and subduction limited to oceanic crust?
Australia as a whole moves northward? That wouldn't alter local relationships. The concern would be when land moves on a fault and plots become distorted, like those well known pictures of roads and streams jogging sideways on the San Andreas fault.
The point is that if our properties are defined using survey markers (like my deed, which literally spells out in English where the plot starts, how many feet this way and that) this will stand up to ground shifting. It will be the mapmakers' problem to redraw the maps though.
It doesn’t stand up to shifting, often, because one landmark at one corner may move relative to another. If the fault is through the middle of the property.
Yes, it does. The square footage of a particular parcel would be what changes.
This frequently comes up when parcels are defined as being bounded by a river or something. 999x/1000 it's a non-issue.
I assume the conflict would arise if two adjacent parcels defined by fixed size borders were defined by different survey markers that moved relative to each other, creating a space that is unclaimed, a space that is claimed under both deeds, or some of both. Probably in the course of resolving this conflict the parties who owned the conflicted land would get new surveys performed and perhaps have additional survey markers installed to define the new border for both parcels.
The point of conflict here being that not every vertex of a parcel is necessarily defined by a survey marker.
I meant that if Australia had geographical coordinates in the land lots definitions, they'd have become very incorrect in a couple of decades.
This is how it works where I live in the US. When a river channel moves someone gains and someone loses.
Has anyone visited these sites in the last few years? (The field trip was in 2006.) Has construction, road repairs, etc. obscured many of these? I know of a few roadway offsets in the immediate Bay area that have been "fixed" and are no longer visible.
Out curiosity I checked Streetview.
Figure 7. Hollister 6th street
2021: https://youtu.be/RUNCEZs9nkU?t=168
2022: https://google.com/maps/@36.8506199,-121.4066009,3a,90y,250....
Figure 22. CA-25
2023 (patched up, drainage channel added): https://google.com/maps/@36.4065854,-120.9937028,3a,90y,216....
Streetview also available for 2022, 2012, 2007 that shows some cracks/offset.
Interestingly, the concrete channel looks similar to those in Central Asia. (The latter have holes in them to let water seep into the ground.) Street view: https://maps.app.goo.gl/pvrsiYMCfeADo8NL6
I did not notice any images being incorrectly displayed upside-down when I submitted this, I apologize if some of you had trouble viewing them.
You don't have anything to apologize for; you did everyone a service.
(Unrelated) oh wow, ResearchGate actively begs authors to upload their full text in order to make it accessible, but prevent the public from downloading said texts unless you have a RG account?